How is IoT changing business models?

After Rolls Royce introduced power by the hour, other manufacturers rapidly followed suit and the concept of product as a service was born. The business models of many engine manufacturers were forever altered.

An organisation’s business model sets out how it will create and deliver value. Over the years, such models have increased in sophistication depending on advances in technology. Emerging, innovative technology can change existing business models or create new ones altogether.

One example is the IoT, which has provided companies with a wealth of operational data. By incorporating IoT, businesses can continually monitor operations to identify opportunities and develop new strategies. Businesses can now be data-driven, with products and services designed to be flexible and personalised to meet customer expectations.

This data presents a challenge to manufacturers and business owners, who may need to change their business models to incorporate data analytics in order to optimise performance and stay competitive.

Data driven business has shifted manufacturing away from a single purchase model and towards product as a service – particularly as manufacturers can use preventative maintenance to predict failures and correct them before they occur.

Product as a service
After Rolls Royce shifted its business model from selling engines to engines as a service, more and more companies started to rethink their operations. Companies can offer to install, monitor and maintain equipment at a fixed cost, which benefits both the consumer and the manufacturer. The most recognisable example is the leasing programmes offered by many car manufacturers – but the trend is increasing across the automation space.

For example, aircraft manufacturer, GE, offers efficiency and analytics services to help its customers optimise flight experiences and reduce fuel costs.

Forecasting
The large volume of data collected from IoT devices can be fed into a company’s supply chain to improve forecasting. Better prediction of supply chain requirements can reduce a company’s costs. This is because ordering and stockpiling spare parts is more costly and demanding of space than ordering them from a reliable supplier only when needed. Similarly, ordering an excess or a shortfall of components for manufacturing will be costly to a manufacturer.

Methods like demand driven materials requirements planning (ddMRP) use actual sales data to accurately create a demand signal, which reduces lead times and the amount of inventory the manufacturer holds, improving stock positioning. This can be incorporated in industries as diverse as retail to manufacturing, to streamline supply chain operations.

The changing workforce
Because data from many areas of the business can be monitored and evaluated remotely, location is a less important factor in the manufacturing workforce. Increased use of robotics has lessened the need for physical labour, shifting humans into higher value business roles.

Increasing the number of software engineers or even software robots can help companies streamline their processes by improving services. Developments in machine learning and pattern recognition, combined with careful recruitment and training could help transform a company’s approach to prediction and analytics.

Technology has come a long way since Rolls Royce introduced power by the hour. Companies need to collect data and adapt accordingly to stay competitive and improve customer experience, giving consumers what they need — reliability, efficiency and an accurate cost prediction