NEC, NTT achieve long-distance transmission with 12-core fibre

This achievement is expected to be a next-generation transmission infrastructure technology that will contribute to the realisation of large-capacity optical networks, including future optical submarine cables.

Background

With the spread of 5G globally and increased communications between data centres, international Internet traffic increased at an average annual rate of 30% from 2018 to 2022 (*2), and this trend is expected to continue. In order to meet the strong communication demand, there is a growing need to increase transmission capacity per optical submarine cable system in addition to increasing the number of optical submarine cables. Existing optical submarine cables use single-core fibre, which has a single optical transmission path called a core within a single fibre. In contrast, research and development is being conducted around the world to increase cable capacity by using multicore fibre, which has multiple cores to increase transmission capacity without changing the standard outer diameter of the fibre. NEC is currently engaged in a project to install a long-haul optical submarine cable system using two-core multicore fibre with two optical transmission paths.

Research results

As more cores are added to an optical fibre with a standard outer diameter, crosstalk occurs when optical signals leaking from a core interfere with optical signals in adjacent cores, resulting in interference, which deteriorates the quality of mutual communications. Especially in long-distance transmission, in addition to the seriousness of crosstalk, it becomes difficult to receive transmitted signals accurately due to the non-uniformity of delay and loss between optical signals. NEC and NTT have developed the following technologies to address these issues.

Development of an algorithm by NEC for demodulation of received signals using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology

Although MIMO technology is commonly used to separate multiple interfering radio signals, the scale of MIMO signal processing that has been put into practical use in existing optical communications is limited to two-polarisation multiplexed signals. In addition, multicore fibre with many cores requires more extensive signal processing because the optical signals are further multiplexed. In addition, the random occurrence of crosstalk in long-distance transmission is an issue that must be addressed. NEC has now developed an algorithm for long-distance transmission and applied it to 24 x 24 MIMO (12 cores x 2 polarisations), enabling accurate separation and demodulation of high-speed received signals.

Development of a coupled 12-core multicore fibre optical transmission line by NTT

In long-haul optical communications using multicore fibre, when non-uniform delays and losses occur in the propagation between multiplexed optical signals, the circuit resources required for MIMO signal processing during reception increase, making implementation and realisation difficult. In addition, non-uniformity in propagation loss greatly limits the distance that can be transmitted. In this study, NTT has developed design technologies for coupled multicore fibre and optical input/output devices (connecting fan-in/fan-out) that can reduce the effects of non-uniformity among signal delay and loss, as well as optical transmission line design evaluation technologies for long-haul applications. Combining these technologies, NEC and NTT conducted long-distance transmission experiments over 7,280km, assuming a transoceanic-class optical submarine cable, and succeeded for the first time in the world in accurately demodulating 12-spatially multiplexed optical signals offline.

Future developments

The two companies will further advance the research and development of these technologies with the aim of commercialising them as a long-haul, high-capacity optical submarine cable system and terrestrial core network system that will contribute to the realisation of a high-capacity optical transmission infrastructure in the IOWN (*3) concept and Beyond 5G/6G era in the 2030s. NEC and NTT will present the results as a highly scored paper at the Technical Conference of OFC 2024,one of the world's largest events on optical communications (24–28 March 2024, at the San Diego Convention Centre in California, USA).

Acknowledgements

A part of these results were obtained through a contract for research (JPJ012368C01001) sponsored by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) in Japan.

• (*1) Coupled multicore fibre: An optical fibre in which signals transmitted in each core are separated and demodulated by post-processing on the premise that optical signals leaking from multiple optical transmission paths (cores) in the fibre interfere with and influence each other.
• (*2) Source: TeleGeography (https://www2.telegeography.com/hubfs/LP-Assets/Ebooks/state-of-the-network-2023.pdf)
• (*3) Innovative Optical and Wireless Network (IOWN) is an advanced communications infrastructure incorporating cutting-edge photonics, computing and other technologies to realise a smarter world promoted by IOWN Global Forum (https://iowngf.org/).