LASER World of PHOTONICS focuses on biophotonics

Not one but two newly anointed Nobel Prize winners will be speaking at the World of Photonics Congress 2015. The lectures delivered by professors Stefan Hell and Eric Betzig will deal with super-resolved fluorescence microscopy. The innovative microscopic procedure provides researchers with unprecedented insights into the nano building blocks of life. Using switchable fluorescent markers, samples can be successively illuminated in nanometre increments, scanned and assembled into accurate images by software. Bio-medical practitioners hope to harness nano microscopy to decipher the molecular characteristics of illnesses such as cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer's, and many others, so to identify points of attack for more effective therapies.

Microscopy and spectroscopy are helping to explain illnesses
The option of observing living cells with the intelligent use of light in resolutions of only a few nanometres is taking biophotonics into new realms. Developers are using ever new techniques, from two-photon microscopy and laser scanning tomography via the combination of optical microscopy with Raman spectroscopy or of fluorescence microscopes with extremely high temporal and spatial resolution cameras to conquer worlds previously inaccessible to the human eye. In each case the key to this is powerful beam sources ranging from extremely shortwave UV to deep into the IR spectrum. Laser developers are working hand-in-hand with optics, semiconductor and positioning system developers as well as with medical engineering companies and research institutes. The LASER World of PHOTONICS offers a platform for the latest developments.

Biophotonics and medical engineering in Hall B3
The exhibition focus in Hall B3, numerous Application Panels and the European Conferences on Biomedical Optics, make the trade fair a showcase for the biophotonics sector, which latterly posted a global annual market volume of 65bn euros. The laser is and remains a driving force behind innovation in medical engineering, benefiting patients and society alike.

One example is the treatment of patients with cataracts, in which femtosecond lasers play a key role. These lasers make accurate incisions only 1.5mm in length and shred the cloudy lens in the eye before it is extracted by suction through the minimal aperture and replaced by an artificial lens. Such an outpatient lens replacement takes only 20 minutes. In the scalpel era several days of hospitalisation were the norm.

Lasers optimise medical diagnostics and therapy
Many minimally invasive operations rely on fibre lasers. Laser probes introduced through micro-incisions are used nowadays for removing varicose veins, stomach ulcers and fatty pads. Wherever possible, surgeons, dentists, dermatologists, urologists and gynaecologists use low impact light treatment, which is comfortable for patients, leaves no scars and rarely results in bleeding and infections. The key to this is increasingly better designed fibre optic cables for the various procedures. Miniaturisation, a growing range of fibre materials and optical probe tips ensure the required light propagation and intensity in each case. Applications range from the use of lasers to deliver at targeted attack on tumours, which are first enriched with light-activatable substances.

Jena researchers are working on making fibre lasers usable for diagnostics as well. The goal is spectroscopic tissue analyses directly within the body instead of the taking of tissue samples with waiting times for laboratory findings. The Jena researchers now want to resolve the issue of which fibres and light wavelengths are suitable for which tissues in the digestive tract, blood vessels and organs. Visitors to the LASER World of PHOTONICS can inquire about the status of this minimally invasive tissue spectroscopy in Hall B3 on the bio-photonics research joint stand.

3D printing: yesterday still in the research stage – today already in use
Generative manufacturing is now increasingly used to make implants, such as, the electrodes for cochlear implants for the deaf, metallic substructures for dental crowns or artificial joints. Lasers use metal powder to build up the customised implants layer by layer in accordance with CAD blueprints. Patient body scans are often used in the process as a template. The all-digital manufacturing process cuts costs and ensures a perfect fit of the implants and prosthetics. That means each implant is a one-off. The LASER World of PHOTONICS and the World of Photonics Congress being staged in Munich in June will be showcasing the full range of what lasers are capable of in this arena.