Think outside the box for cranes and hoists

Cranes and hoists is a specialised market requiring expertise in variable speed drives (VSDs) and inverters, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), motion control, braking, safety systems and last but not least, best practices.

The latter is important when working at height and systems integrators need to be fully insured when taking on this specialised environment. They need to be ISO-registered and carry out risk assessments on all crane installations.

If one considers moving a heavy object on the end of a length of cable, there are lots of complexities involved, like using anti-swing program software for example, when setting motion ramps and profiles in an inverter or PLC.

The systems integrator needs to make sure that whatever the weight of the object, the crane or hoist should not be stopped so suddenly that the object starts swinging back and forth to the point of losing control and causing potential damage as well as delaying the actual hoisting.

This is not the same thing as a soft start because the problem is one of controlling motion along several axes at the same time. For example, where a load needs to be lifted from a ship while the boom of the crane is also rotating, the load is swinging around and needs to be slowed down correctly to avoid the crane operator losing control of the load.

A crane’s load suspended from a cable creates a pendulum that swings in motion. Anti-swing control calculates and compensates for this motion. The trade-off is between reducing load oscillations and transferring the load in a reasonable time.

Anti-swing software

In the past, before proprietary anti-swing software was available, this required considerable skill on the part of the crane operator. Controlling the load position and its swing may be implemented in a proportional derivative (PD) tracking controller to follow a prescribed trajectory.

Then, another controller may need to be added to the control loop to damp the load swing using techniques like time-delayed feedback of the load swing angle and an anti-swing fuzzy logic control. A mapping method used for generating the rules can be applied to mimic the performance of an expert crane operator.

Other functions may also need to be programmed in an IEC 61131-compliant PLC language like ladder diagram (LD).

By partnering up with electrical and automation companies, systems integrators and panel builders can increase their technical capabilities and understanding of the market. A good industrial automation supplier should be able to provide both in house and on site commissioning, servicing of inverters and ancillary products used for motors in cranes and hoists.

Systems integrators need to kit out workshops that are fully equipped to rapidly identify faults and components failures. They also need to employ experienced and highly trained engineers to provide both in-house and on site services for all types of drives. Furthermore, they should offer a complete industrial electronic service.

Training instructors need to be industry experienced engineers with current hands-on application experience, whose technical skills are annually assessed and updated. They should provide a comprehensive selection of first class industrial automation training products, assessment services and courses to meet customers’ changing needs.

So when designing panels for cranes and hoist applications, it pays to think outside the box.