Nissan accelerates assembly line with 3D printing solution

The car manufacturer has been using 3D FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) technology from BCN3D, developer and manufacturer of integrated 3D desktop solutions, to create tools, jigs and fixtures for its manufacturing line in Spain and the time and cost savings have been so impressive that it could soon roll it out to more manufacturing sites.

It has created 700 parts so far, with some costing as little as €3.45 to manufacture.

Previously Nissan outsourced all of its prototypes and jigs to mechanical suppliers who used traditional manufacturing methods, such as CNC and drilling. Although the quality of the finished product was good, the lead times were long and inflexible and the costs were high. Even simple tools could cost in the region of €400 for machining. By printing some of these parts in-house with 3D printers, Nissan has cut the time of designing, refining and producing parts from one week to just one day and slashed costs by 95%.

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is becoming more popular in the automotive sector, helping manufacturers to shorten development cycles and get vehicles into production quicker. 3D printing also helps to significantly reduce component production times without compromising on their quality.

Nissan’s additive manufacturing laboratory is equipped with a farm of four BCN3D printers, which offer proven reliability and are capable of running 24/7 to meet Nissan’s intense production schedule. The printers incorporate an Independent Dual Extrusion (IDEX) system, which means that Nissan can print two identical components at the same time, thus crucially doubling productivity.

Nissan is also using the recently launched BCN3D Smart Cabinet - a new solution that has been developed to preserve filament printability, extend its shelf life, reduce aesthetic defects and avoid costly reprints.

Using CAD applications, including Autodesk Inventor and Siemens NX, the Nissan team has adapted its entire design process to integrate 3D printing and has found it to be easier than a mechanical one. 

Carlos Rellán Martínez, Manager of Maintenance and Engineering Facilities at Nissan Motor Ibérica Zona Franca, Barcelona, said: “The performance achieved in terms of reliability has been excellent. Our printer runs nearly 24 hours a day and every year we’re printing around 100 different jigs and tools for specific use in our processes.

“Outsourcing tools to a mechanical supplier was 20 times more expensive than 3D printing the same parts, while the wait for tools went from a week down to one day. By introducing 3D printing, we have increased added value and generated low costs, without high delivery times. We have paid off the investment in the printers very quickly.”

The Nissan team has used BCN printers to produce a multitude of products, including a tool to fix a windshield centering gauge, a lower drill positioning tool and a jig to position and cure the model name on the vehicle. The fixing tool was made of TPU, cost €8 and took a total of 14 hours to print, the positioning tool was made of ABS, took 15 hours to print and cost €21.50 and the jig was created from ABS, took 12 hours to print and cost just €3.45.

Nissan is currently printing 3D materials in plastic and is trialing metal. It recently invited video cameras into its Barcelona factory for a rare glimpse of how Nissan is using 3D printing to manufacture final parts and prototypes on its assembly line for vehicles, including the Nissan Navara 4x4 pickup truck.

Eric Pallarés, Chief Technical Officer at BCN3D, added: "The automotive industry is probably the best example of scaling up a complex product with the demands of meeting highest quality standards. It’s fascinating to see how the assembly process of a car - where many individual parts are put together in an assembly line - relies on FFF printed parts at virtually every stage. Having assembled thousands of cars, Nissan has found that using BCN3D 3D printing technology to make jigs and fixtures for complex assembly operations delivers consistently high quality components at a reduced time and lower cost."