The NPL is supporting a net-zero energy grid

NPL is developing, testing, and validating new inertia measurements methods, and reference techniques, required to underpin stability and control in the net zero grid, and working with National Grid ESO (NGESO) to evaluate the accuracy of world-leading commercial inertia measurement systems being implemented. Developing and validating measurement methods for inertia, to provide confidence to UK operators in their adoption, supports security and efficiency in energy supply with increasing renewable energy sources. 

To meet net zero objectives, unprecedented levels of intermittent renewable energy sources will need to be connected to the British grid. For power system operators, one of the biggest technical challenges to achieving net zero is the decline of grid inertia which needs to be effectively managed to ensure continued stability and reliability of the power system. Traditionally, power system operators have relied on inertia provided by fossil-fuelled synchronous generators to prevent frequency excursions that can trigger grid instability.  

Another issue which could limit progress to net zero is the interference and disturbances that can affect connected equipment. Net zero technology such as renewables, EVs, HVDCs (high-voltage direct current), and energy storage require power convertors which inject disturbances into the power system. These disturbances can impact protection systems, grid assets and equipment, and domestic appliances.  

Network operators need new measurement methods to identify and quantify the prevailing interference levels to manage and mitigate them and maintain supply quality and reliability to allow the grid to safely host the essential net zero technologies. Pro-actively investigating mitigation methods will ensure issues do not become more wide-spread and impact consumers. Internationally there is currently no standardisation on how to perform these types of measurements.

NPL has led a European normative project (SupraEMI), which has developed and proposed measurement algorithms for associated international standardisation, providing a clear understanding for development of disturbance measurement capabilities in the UK and guidance to industry.

In collaboration with an industry steering group of experts, NPL is developing a new measurement system, accreditation-ready test rigs, and on-site survey capabilities, to support new British grid codes and enable mitigation action and grid planning to overcome issues associated with the injection of these disturbances.

NPL research on inertia and disturbance measurement supports the development of measurement infrastructure to underpin the deployment of new technologies, operational procedures and novel practices to reach stable and reliable net-zero grids.