A green polymer derived from bio-waste was applied to the dye-sensitised solar cells. Chitosan obtained from the insects' and crustaceans' chitin was modified to produce the phthaloylchitosan electrolyte for the dye-sensitised solar cells with efficiency of more than 7%. Chitosan is a natural polymer derived from chitin that can be found in shrimps, lobsters and crabs. Chitosan is odorless, non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and has hig...

  Palm oil is not a polymer but through chemical reactions it can be converted to intermediates with different functional groups that could interact with other monomers, either through condensation reactions or free radical additions or a combination of both mechanisms to form novel materials with interesting properties and applications.